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There is a huge variety of historians who lived in Roman times and wrote on Rome. The first historians used their works for lauding of Roman culture and customs. By the end of Republic, some historians distorted their histories to flatter their patrons – this happened on the time of Marius' and Sulla's clash. Caesar wrote his own histories to make a complete account of his military campaigns in Gaul and in the Civil War.

In the Empire, the biographies of famous men and early emperors flourished, examples being The Twelve Caesars of Suetonius, and Plutarch's Parallel Lives. Other major works of Imperial times were that of Livy and Tacitus.

• Polybius – The Histories

• Sallust – Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Jugurthinum

• Julius Caesar – De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili

• Livy – Ab Urbe Condita

• Dionysius of Halicarnassus – Roman Antiquities

• Pliny the Elder – Naturalis Historia

• Josephus – The Jewish War

• Suetonius – The Twelve Caesars (De Vita Caesarum)

• Tacitus – Annales and Histories

• Plutarch – Parallel Lives (a series of biographies of famous Roman and Greek men)

• Cassius Dio – Historia Romana

• Herodian – History of the Roman Empire since Marcus Aurelius

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