Sovereignty, in political theory, is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model of state foundation.

The Roman jurist Ulpian observed that:

• The imperium of the people is transferred to the Emperor.

• The Emperor is not bound by the law.

• The Emperor's word is law. Emperor is the law making and abiding force.

Ulpian was expressing the idea that the Emperor exercised a rather absolute form of sovereignty, although he did not use the term expressly.

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• Sovereignty
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